Tag: Thesis Paper

Thesis on Developments in Saudi Arabia

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The improvement of oil fields preceded in Saudi Arabia, for the most part by Aramco, a Texaco-Chevron association. In 1951, Aramco found the main seaward store in the Middle East in the Ra’s Al-Saffāniyyah area. Around the same time, Saudi oil generation expanded quickly by diverting oil from eastern Saudi Arabia into the Mediterranean Sea.

In the year 1981, activities were halted, and another task was made, which significantly abbreviated the destiny of oil handling. OPEC was made with Saudi Arabia during the 1973 oil emergency, the cost of oil expanded from single figure dollars per barrel to about twofold figure dollars, and the Saudi economy started to develop quickly.

After steadily purchasing Aramco’s advantages, the Saudi government nationalized the organization in 1980. The cost of oil topped and request began to diminish because of retreats in industrialized nations and the more proficient utilization of oil excess. This made an abundance of oil around the world, with the cost of oil tumbling from roughly $35 for every barrel into approximately $15.

Oil creation in Saudi Arabia, which had expanded fell marked some spending deficiencies that have been created. The legislature has diminished its outside resources of the oil surplus and the pressure of declining generation, Saudi Arabia has started to change creation amounts all the more intimately with OPEC individuals.

In June 1993, Saudi Aramco consumed the state advertising and refining organization (SAMAREC), turning into the biggest completely incorporated oil organization on the planet. Most of the Saudi oil fares originate from oil tankers at the oil terminals in the Persian Gulf.

The remainder of the oil fares is directed through the east-west pipeline through a port in the Red Sea. A significant new gas activity guarantees to produce noteworthy venture from US and European oil organizations to create non-related gas fields in three separate districts of Saudi Arabia. Be that as it may, since late 1997, Saudi Arabia again confronted the issue of low oil costs. Because of a blend of variables like:

  • economic emergencies in East Asia,
  • severe winter in the west brought about by El Niño
  • expanded creation of non-OPEC oil,
  • the interest for investment in oil refining has eased back
  • A decrease in consumer spending on the cost of fuel.

Socio-economic development of Saudi Arabia

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Oil reserves, which record for about a second of the world’s oil reserves. Oil reserves in Saudi Arabia account for about 268.5 billion barrels. This makes oil extraction in Saudi Arabia a lot less expensive and subsequently unquestionably more gainful than all other nations in the world.

The Petroleum sector represents around 88 percent of Saudi Arabia’s spending income, 95 percent of fare profit, and 45 percent of GDP. Saudi Arabian company called Arabia Aramco, to a great extent, deals with the reserves and oil generation of this country. Another 39% of GDP originates from the private sector.

The other sectors include construction and retail and others. It is assessed that 7.5 million outsiders work legitimately in Saudi Arabia and assume a pivotal job in the Saudi economy, during the time spent oil extraction and related administration sectors. In ongoing decades, the legislature has started to permit the cooperation of the private sector and outside financial specialists in industries, for example, vitality creation and media communications, and has joined the World Trade Organization.

For the greater part of the 2000s, high oil costs enabled the administration to run spending plan surpluses, increment preparing and aptitudes preparing, create the foundation, and compensate the state. Regarding GDP per capita salary, Saudi Arabia is right now in the lower strata of developing nations, with other nations, for example, Spain, Italy, and New Zealand.

In different regards, Saudi incomes depend intensely on oil and flammable gas trades. Various sectors of the economy, for example, industry or benefits, and even horticulture are immature. In individual districts, like different nations while in comparison to per capita salary, being a flat-out government with a feeble conventional society where a few gatherings have insufficient rights. This is, to a great extent, an outcome of the late advancement of Saudi Arabia as a state. During the 1950s, Saudi Arabia was generally an underpopulated and immature desert.

From that point forward, immense oil incomes have changed society to the end of being indistinguishable. The nation is as yet attempting to get up to speed with improvement past the oil and gas sector. In 1933, the Saudi government consented to an oil concession arrangement with the Standard Oil Company of California. 

Thesis on Sporting Apparel

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Sporting goods and apparel are the products most often presumed to be promoted through the vehicle of women’s sports. As consumers, women are known to make the majority of apparel purchases and recently have been found to comprise a large segment of the sporting goods consum­ers.

For example, Anne Flannery, the Manager of Spalding women’s Sports Division, found that women make 70% of the sporting goods decisions in this country. Many experts believe women represent a unique marketing opportunity because they buy for themselves, and they buy for their children and spouses.

All regions of the country are targeted by the typical corporation sponsoring women’s sport. However, the specific regions most often targeted appeared to bathe East and the West. This may be explained by the population density on both coasts. The marketing may appear to be focused more in these directions, simply because there are more people to target.

The recent growth in sponsorship of volleyball can be related to the development of beach volleyball. Tour promoters have indicated that corporate sponsorship has continued to increase resulting in more events, partici­pants, spectators, prize money, and sponsorship dollars. In addition, the 1996 Olympic Games will include beach volleyball as a medal sport.

This recogni­tion has helped establish beach volleyball as a legitimate and lucrative activity worthy of the sponsorship dollars and attention realized by other professional sports. In the collegiate segment, women’s basketball has experienced tremendous growth in attendance and media exposure. Indicators from the previous NCAA Women’s Basketball Final Four tournaments show that growth and interest are continuing.

The event has already been sold out, one year in advance, for the 1995-1996 season, in addition, CBS sold the television rights for the Cabwomen’s Basketball Final Four to ESPN for $19 million. In the past, CBS has covered a few select games of the women’s tournament including the women’s championship. However, their efforts were more directed towards the Men’s NCAA Basketball Championship tournament. With ESPN covering the entire women’s tournament, sponsors will no longer compete for viewers on the same network that simultaneously covers the men’s tournament.

Thesis on Family Systems Approach

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Family systems theory fits in the general systems theory, an approach that has been used mostly in the area co-counseling. Family systems theory views the individual as an organization of biological, psychological, and social components. Family systems theory posits that the family functions as an organizational system in which each family member affects and is affected by the others.

Each family member must be viewed in the context of his other life. This is similar to social learning theory and the social role-social system approach which utilizes both psychological and sociological variables in explaining behaviors. Social learning theory believes that social context interacts with an individual’s personal attributes in the process of learning a specific social role.

In the context of the family system, there are certain properties characterizing the system, one of which is wholeness. Wholeness refers to the relationship between family members. The behavior of each family member is related to and dependent on the behavior of all the others.

According to this concept, parents who participate in sport and fitness activities can serve as role models for children within the family context. These children should be more likely to be involved in similar activities than those who do not have such role models within the family context. Another property of the family as a system is feedback.

Feedback is the interactional process among the members of the family. Feedback can be either negative or positive. Negative feedback is the information that comes into the system and is used to maintain the status quo. Deviation in the system is corrected and prevented so that equilibrium is restored.

Positive feedback forces a system to change and prevents the system from returning to its previous state. In the process of socializing children into sport and fitness activity, encouragement and discouragement that children receive for participation from other family members, especially parents, reflect the feedback property of the family system.

It is the nature of the system’s organization and the interactional process that determines the results of the system. Relative to the study of sport socialization within the family context, it is meaningful to look at the influences of family socioeconomic factors, family structure, parents’ role models, and reinforcement patterns simultaneously.